Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental brain disorder that affects communication, behavior, learning, and social interactions. It appears before the age of 3, but diagnosis can occur at any age.

ASD impacts people differently, and degree and severity vary from person to person. While there is no cure, early intervention and developmental, behavioral, and speech therapies, including applied behavior analysis (ABA), can help individuals with autism manage challenging symptoms and live a full life.

Risks of Autism

Autism is often associated with other conditions such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, and gastrointestinal problems. Individuals with autism may also be at risk for developing mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression.

Signs and Symptoms of Autism

Signs and symptoms of autism may include:
– Delayed or absent language development
– Difficulty with social interactions and communication
– Repetitive behaviors or interests
– Sensory sensitivities or difficulties
– Delays in motor skills development

Autism Levels

The DSM-5 uses levels 1-3 to describe the varying degrees of support needed by individuals with autism. Level 2 autism requires substantial, or major, support.

Getting a Diagnosis

It’s not always easy for a doctor to make a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Parents and caregivers may be asked questions such as:
– What is your child’s developmental history?
– Has your child ever had any medical conditions or hospitalizations?
– Does your child have any difficulties with social interactions or communication?